NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation.
Ryu DLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Zhang HLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Ropelle ERLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sorrentino VLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Mázala DADepartment of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Mouchiroud LLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marshall PLInterdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
Campbell MDDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Ali ASDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Knowels GMDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Bellemin SCentre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5534, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Iyer SRDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Wang XLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Gariani KLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Sauve AADepartment of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical School, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Cantó CNestlé Institute of Health Sciences, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Conley KEDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Walter LCentre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5534, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Lovering RMDepartment of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Chin ERDepartment of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Jasmin BJDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
Marcinek DJDepartment of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Menzies KJLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. admin.auwerx@epfl.ch kmenzies@uottawa.ca.
Auwerx JLaboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. admin.auwerx@epfl.ch kmenzies@uottawa.ca.
English
Neuromuscular diseases are often caused by inherited mutations that lead to progressive skeletal muscle weakness and degeneration. In diverse populations of normal healthy mice, we observed correlations between the abundance of mRNA transcripts related to mitochondrial biogenesis, the dystrophin-sarcoglycan complex, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis, consistent with a potential role for the essential cofactor NAD+ in protecting muscle from metabolic and structural degeneration. Furthermore, the skeletal muscle transcriptomes of patients with Duchene's muscular dystrophy (DMD) and other muscle diseases were enriched for various poly[adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP)-ribose] polymerases (PARPs) and for nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), enzymes that are major consumers of NAD+ and are involved in pleiotropic events, including inflammation. In the mdx mouse model of DMD, we observed significant reductions in muscle NAD+ levels, concurrent increases in PARP activity, and reduced expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme for NAD+ biosynthesis. Replenishing NAD+ stores with dietary nicotinamide riboside supplementation improved muscle function and heart pathology in mdx and mdx/Utr-/- mice and reversed pathology in Caenorhabditis elegans models of DMD. The effects of NAD+ repletion in mdx mice relied on the improvement in mitochondrial function and structural protein expression (α-dystrobrevin and δ-sarcoglycan) and on the reductions in general poly(ADP)-ribosylation, inflammation, and fibrosis. In combination, these studies suggest that the replenishment of NAD+ may benefit patients with muscular dystrophies or other neuromuscular degenerative conditions characterized by the PARP/NNMT gene expression signatures.