Do Self-Management Interventions Work in Patients With Heart Failure? An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis.

• Jonkman NH From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.). n.jonkman@umcutrecht.
• Westland H From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Groenwold RH From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Ågren S From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Atienza F From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Blue L From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Bruggink-André de la Porte PW From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• DeWalt DA From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Hebert PL From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Heisler M From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Jaarsma T From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Kempen GI From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Leventhal ME From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Lok DJ From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Mårtensson J From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Muñiz J From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Otsu H From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Peters-Klimm F From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Rich MW From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Riegel B From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Strömberg A From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Tsuyuki RT From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• van Veldhuisen DJ From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Trappenburg JC From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Schuurmans MJ From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).
• Hoes AW From Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science and Sports (N.H.J., H.W., J.C.A.T., M.J.S.) and Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (R.H.H.G., A.W.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Departments of Medical and Health Sciences and Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (S.Å.), Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science (S.Å., A.S.), Department of Social and Welfare Studies (T.J.), and Department of Cardiology (A.S.), Linköping University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain (F.A.); British Heart Foundation, Glasgow, UK (L.B.); Department of Cardiology, Deventer Hospital, The Netherlands (P.W.F.B.-A.d.l.P., D.J.A.L.); Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (D.A.D.); Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle (P.L.H.); Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (M.H.); Department of Health Services Research, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (G.I.J.M.K.); Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland (M.E.L.); Department of Nursing Science, Jönköping University, Sweden (J. Mårtensson); Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de A Coruña and INIBIC, A Coruña, Spain (J. Muñiz); Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan (H.O.); Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany (F.P.-K.); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (M.W.R.); School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (B.R.); Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (R.T.T.); and Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands (D.J.v.V.).

Show more…

heart failure

meta-analysis

self care

Aged

Comorbidity

Depression

Female

Heart Failure

Hospitalization

Humans

Length of Stay

Male

Middle Aged

Proportional Hazards Models

Quality of Life

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Self Care

Treatment Outcome