Journal article
Occurrence and concentrations of isothiazolinones in detergents and cosmetics in Switzerland.
- Garcia-Hidalgo E Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Sottas V Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- von Goetz N Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Hauri U State Laboratory Basel-City, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
- Bogdal C Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Hungerbühler K Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
- 2016-11-19
Published in:
- Contact dermatitis. - 2017
allergic contact dermatitis
benzisothiazolinone
biocides
cosmetics
household cleaning products
market survey
methylchloroisothiazolinone
methylisothiazolinone
octylisothiazolinone
personal care products
Chromatography, Liquid
Cosmetics
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
Detergents
Humans
Mass Spectrometry
Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
Switzerland
Thiazoles
English
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the frequency of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has increased alarmingly in Europe, but only limited data are available on concentrations of isothiazolinones in consumer products.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the current frequency of isothiazolinones [methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT)] in a wide array of detergents and cosmetics relevant for the Swiss population.
METHODS
By means of a market survey, the occurrence of isothiazolinones was investigated in 1948 consumer products. Of these, 88 products were analysed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry after ultrasonic extraction.
RESULTS
Only 7.6% of all cosmetics contained isothiazolinones, but the prevalence in detergents was much higher (42.9%). The measured concentration ranges in detergents were 4.3–10, 3.5–279, 3.8–186 and 7.9 ppm (one product only) for MCI, MI, BIT, and OIT, respectively [corrected]. For cosmetics, these were 1.3-133 and 4.8 ppm (one product only) for MI and MCI, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has shown that high concentrations of isothiazolinones (including MI) can be found in a large variety of products, in particular in detergents. Therefore, the safe use of these preservatives should be re-evaluated by including detergents in the exposure assessment.
In recent years, the frequency of contact allergy to isothiazolinones has increased alarmingly in Europe, but only limited data are available on concentrations of isothiazolinones in consumer products.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the current frequency of isothiazolinones [methylisothiazolinone (MI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT)] in a wide array of detergents and cosmetics relevant for the Swiss population.
METHODS
By means of a market survey, the occurrence of isothiazolinones was investigated in 1948 consumer products. Of these, 88 products were analysed by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry after ultrasonic extraction.
RESULTS
Only 7.6% of all cosmetics contained isothiazolinones, but the prevalence in detergents was much higher (42.9%). The measured concentration ranges in detergents were 4.3–10, 3.5–279, 3.8–186 and 7.9 ppm (one product only) for MCI, MI, BIT, and OIT, respectively [corrected]. For cosmetics, these were 1.3-133 and 4.8 ppm (one product only) for MI and MCI, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study has shown that high concentrations of isothiazolinones (including MI) can be found in a large variety of products, in particular in detergents. Therefore, the safe use of these preservatives should be re-evaluated by including detergents in the exposure assessment.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- closed
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1111/cod.12700
- PMID 27862003
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/187901
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