The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Normative Data from a German-Speaking Cohort and Comparison with International Normative Samples.
- Thomann AE Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
- Goettel N Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Monsch RJ Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Berres M Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany.
- Jahn T Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
- Steiner LA Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Monsch AU Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
- 2018-06-28
Published in:
- Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD. - 2018
Elderly individuals
Montreal Cognitive Assessment
healthy participants
mild cognitive impairment
regression analysis
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Cognitive Dysfunction
Cohort Studies
Female
Germany
Humans
Male
Mental Status Schedule
Mental Status and Dementia Tests
Reference Values
Surveys and Questionnaires
Switzerland
English
BACKGROUND
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is used to evaluate multiple cognitive domains in elderly individuals. However, it is influenced by demographic characteristics that have yet to be adequately considered.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of age, education, and sex on the MoCA total score and to provide demographically adjusted normative values for a German-speaking population.
METHODS
Subjects were recruited from a registry of healthy volunteers. Cognitive health was defined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (score ≥27/30 points) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (total score ≥85.9 points). Participants were assessed with the German version of the MoCA. Normative values were developed based on regression analysis. Covariates were chosen using the Predicted Residual Sums of Squares approach.
RESULTS
The final sample consisted of 283 participants (155 women, 128 men; mean (SD) age = 73.8 (5.2) years; education = 13.6 (2.9) years). Thirty-one percent of participants scored below the original cut-off (<26/30 points). The MoCA total score was best predicted by a regression model with age, education, and sex as covariates. Older age, lower education, and male sex were associated with a lower MoCA total score (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We developed a formula to provide demographically adjusted standard scores for the MoCA in a German-speaking population. A comparison with other MoCA normative studies revealed considerable differences with respect to selection of volunteers and methods used to establish normative data.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is used to evaluate multiple cognitive domains in elderly individuals. However, it is influenced by demographic characteristics that have yet to be adequately considered.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of age, education, and sex on the MoCA total score and to provide demographically adjusted normative values for a German-speaking population.
METHODS
Subjects were recruited from a registry of healthy volunteers. Cognitive health was defined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (score ≥27/30 points) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease-Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (total score ≥85.9 points). Participants were assessed with the German version of the MoCA. Normative values were developed based on regression analysis. Covariates were chosen using the Predicted Residual Sums of Squares approach.
RESULTS
The final sample consisted of 283 participants (155 women, 128 men; mean (SD) age = 73.8 (5.2) years; education = 13.6 (2.9) years). Thirty-one percent of participants scored below the original cut-off (<26/30 points). The MoCA total score was best predicted by a regression model with age, education, and sex as covariates. Older age, lower education, and male sex were associated with a lower MoCA total score (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
We developed a formula to provide demographically adjusted standard scores for the MoCA in a German-speaking population. A comparison with other MoCA normative studies revealed considerable differences with respect to selection of volunteers and methods used to establish normative data.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- bronze
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.3233/JAD-180080
- PMID 29945351
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/232319
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