Vegetarian or gluten-free diets in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are associated with lower psychological well-being and a different gut microbiota, but no beneficial effects on the course of the disease.
- Schreiner P Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Yilmaz B Maurice Müller Laboratories (Department for Biomedical Research), University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Rossel JB Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Franc Y Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Misselwitz B Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Scharl M Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zeitz J Center of Gastroenterology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Frei P Bethanien, Department of Gastroenterology, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Greuter T Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Vavricka SR Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Pittet V Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Siebenhüner A Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Juillerat P Gastroenterology, University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
- von Känel R Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Macpherson AJ Maurice Müller Laboratories (Department for Biomedical Research), University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Rogler G Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Biedermann L Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- 2019-07-19
Published in:
- United European gastroenterology journal. - 2019
Crohn's disease
gluten-free
inflammatory bowel disease
nutrition
ulcerative colitis
vegetarian
Adult
Aged
Diet, Gluten-Free
Diet, Vegetarian
Female
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Humans
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Interview, Psychological
Male
Middle Aged
Public Health Surveillance
Surveys and Questionnaires
Treatment Outcome
English
Background
Many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients follow a restrictive diet due to perceived positive effects on their symptoms. We assessed the prevalence of vegetarian (VD) and gluten-free diets (GFDs) in IBD patients, the reasons for following such a diet, and whether nutrition has an impact on disease activity and microbiota composition.
Methods
We included 1254 patients from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study with prospective acquisition of clinical data and psychosocial, disease-related and lifestyle factors between 2006 and 2015. Dietary habits were assessed through a self-report questionnaire. In 92 patients, we analysed intestinal mucosa-associated microbial composition using high-throughput sequencing.
Results
Overall, 4.1% (n = 52) of the patients reported following a VD and 4.7% (n = 54) a GFD. No differences regarding disease activity, fistula, hospitalization or surgery rates were observed. Patients on a VD or GFD had significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, GFD patients had significantly higher anxiety and depression symptom levels. The gut microbiota composition in IBD patients following a VD or GFD was significantly different compared to that of omnivores.
Conclusions
Although we did not identify a relevant impact of a specific diet on the course of the disease, there was a significant association with lower psychological well-being in VD and GFD patients.
Many inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients follow a restrictive diet due to perceived positive effects on their symptoms. We assessed the prevalence of vegetarian (VD) and gluten-free diets (GFDs) in IBD patients, the reasons for following such a diet, and whether nutrition has an impact on disease activity and microbiota composition.
Methods
We included 1254 patients from the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study with prospective acquisition of clinical data and psychosocial, disease-related and lifestyle factors between 2006 and 2015. Dietary habits were assessed through a self-report questionnaire. In 92 patients, we analysed intestinal mucosa-associated microbial composition using high-throughput sequencing.
Results
Overall, 4.1% (n = 52) of the patients reported following a VD and 4.7% (n = 54) a GFD. No differences regarding disease activity, fistula, hospitalization or surgery rates were observed. Patients on a VD or GFD had significantly higher levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Furthermore, GFD patients had significantly higher anxiety and depression symptom levels. The gut microbiota composition in IBD patients following a VD or GFD was significantly different compared to that of omnivores.
Conclusions
Although we did not identify a relevant impact of a specific diet on the course of the disease, there was a significant association with lower psychological well-being in VD and GFD patients.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- bronze
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1177/2050640619841249
- PMID 31316781
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/236
Statistics
Document views: 106
File downloads:
- Full-text: 0