The contrasting phylodynamics of human influenza B viruses.
Vijaykrishna DDuke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Holmes ECMarie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Joseph UDuke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Fourment MMarie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Su YCDuke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Halpin RJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Lee RTBioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Deng YMWorld Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Gunalan VBioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Lin XJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Stockwell TBJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Fedorova NBJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Zhou BJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Spirason NWorld Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Kühnert DDepartment of Environmental Systems Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Bošková VDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Stadler TDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Costa AMRoyal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Dwyer DECentre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital and University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.
Huang QSInstitute of Environmental Science and Research, National Centre for Biosecurity and Infectious Disease, Upper Hutt, New Zealand.
Jennings LCMicrobiology Department, Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Rawlinson WVirology Division, SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Sullivan SGWorld Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Hurt ACWorld Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Maurer-Stroh SBioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
Wentworth DEJ Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, United States.
Smith GJDuke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Barr IGWorld Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
English
A complex interplay of viral, host, and ecological factors shapes the spatio-temporal incidence and evolution of human influenza viruses. Although considerable attention has been paid to influenza A viruses, a lack of equivalent data means that an integrated evolutionary and epidemiological framework has until now not been available for influenza B viruses, despite their significant disease burden. Through the analysis of over 900 full genomes from an epidemiological collection of more than 26,000 strains from Australia and New Zealand, we reveal fundamental differences in the phylodynamics of the two co-circulating lineages of influenza B virus (Victoria and Yamagata), showing that their individual dynamics are determined by a complex relationship between virus transmission, age of infection, and receptor binding preference. In sum, this work identifies new factors that are important determinants of influenza B evolution and epidemiology.