An Immune Atlas of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Chevrier SInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Levine JHComputational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Zanotelli VRTInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Systems Biology PhD Program, Life Science Zürich Graduate School, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Silina KInstitute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Schulz DInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Bacac MRoche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Wagistrasse 18, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland.
Ries CHRoche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany.
Ailles LDepartment of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
Jewett MASPrincess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
Moch HInstitute for Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
van den Broek MInstitute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Beisel CDepartment of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Stadler MBFriedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Gedye CSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2035, Australia.
Reis BRoche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
Pe'er DComputational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Bodenmiller BInstitute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: bernd.bodenmiller@imls.uzh.ch.
English
Immune cells in the tumor microenvironment modulate cancer progression and are attractive therapeutic targets. Macrophages and T cells are key components of the microenvironment, yet their phenotypes and relationships in this ecosystem and to clinical outcomes are ill defined. We used mass cytometry with extensive antibody panels to perform in-depth immune profiling of samples from 73 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients and five healthy controls. In 3.5 million measured cells, we identified 17 tumor-associated macrophage phenotypes, 22 T cell phenotypes, and a distinct immune composition correlated with progression-free survival, thereby presenting an in-depth human atlas of the immune tumor microenvironment in this disease. This study revealed potential biomarkers and targets for immunotherapy development and validated tools that can be used for immune profiling of other tumor types.