Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard.
- Buckinx F Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Landi F Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart Rome, Milan, Italy.
- Cesari M Gérontopôle, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Fielding RA Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Visser M Department of Health Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Engelke K Institute of Medical Physics, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
- Maggi S National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
- Dennison E MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK.
- Al-Daghri NM Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Allepaerts S Department of Geriatrics, CHU-Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Bauer J Department of Geriatric Medicine, Klinikum, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Bautmans I Gerontology and Frailty in Ageing Research Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.
- Brandi ML Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 59139, Florence, Italy.
- Bruyère O Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Cederholm T Human Medicines Research and Development Support Division, Scientific Advice, London, UK.
- Cerreta F Human Medicines Research and Development Support Division, Scientific Advice, London, UK.
- Cherubini A Geriatrics and Geriatric Emergency Care, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
- Cooper C MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK.
- Cruz-Jentoft A Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (Irycis), Madrid, Spain.
- McCloskey E Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Dawson-Hughes B Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Kaufman JM Department of Endocrinology and Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
- Laslop A Scientific Office, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria.
- Petermans J Department of Geriatrics, CHU-Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Reginster JY Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
- Rizzoli R Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Robinson S MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK.
- Rolland Y Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse); UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
- Rueda R Abbott Nutrition R&D, Granada, Spain.
- Vellas B Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse); UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.
- Kanis JA Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield, UK and Institute of Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
- 2018-01-20
Published in:
- Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle. - 2018
Lean body mass
Lean mass
Muscle mass
Reference standard
Bone Density
Humans
Reference Standards
Sarcopenia
English
BACKGROUND
All proposed definitions of sarcopenia include the measurement of muscle mass, but the techniques and threshold values used vary. Indeed, the literature does not establish consensus on the best technique for measuring lean body mass. Thus, the objective measurement of sarcopenia is hampered by limitations intrinsic to assessment tools. The aim of this study was to review the methods to assess muscle mass and to reach consensus on the development of a reference standard.
METHODS
Literature reviews were performed by members of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis working group on frailty and sarcopenia. Face-to-face meetings were organized for the whole group to make amendments and discuss further recommendations.
RESULTS
A wide range of techniques can be used to assess muscle mass. Cost, availability, and ease of use can determine whether the techniques are better suited to clinical practice or are more useful for research. No one technique subserves all requirements but dual energy X-ray absorptiometry could be considered as a reference standard (but not a gold standard) for measuring muscle lean body mass.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the feasibility, accuracy, safety, and low cost, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry can be considered as the reference standard for measuring muscle mass.
All proposed definitions of sarcopenia include the measurement of muscle mass, but the techniques and threshold values used vary. Indeed, the literature does not establish consensus on the best technique for measuring lean body mass. Thus, the objective measurement of sarcopenia is hampered by limitations intrinsic to assessment tools. The aim of this study was to review the methods to assess muscle mass and to reach consensus on the development of a reference standard.
METHODS
Literature reviews were performed by members of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis working group on frailty and sarcopenia. Face-to-face meetings were organized for the whole group to make amendments and discuss further recommendations.
RESULTS
A wide range of techniques can be used to assess muscle mass. Cost, availability, and ease of use can determine whether the techniques are better suited to clinical practice or are more useful for research. No one technique subserves all requirements but dual energy X-ray absorptiometry could be considered as a reference standard (but not a gold standard) for measuring muscle lean body mass.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the feasibility, accuracy, safety, and low cost, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry can be considered as the reference standard for measuring muscle mass.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1002/jcsm.12268
- PMID 29349935
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/87974
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