Reference intervals for the urinary steroid metabolome: The impact of sex, age, day and night time on human adult steroidogenesis.
- Ackermann D Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Groessl M Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Pruijm M Nephrology Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ponte B Nephrology Service, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Escher G Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- d'Uscio CH Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Guessous I Department of Community Medicine, Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Ehret G Cardiology Service, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Pechère-Bertschi A Endocrinology Service, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Martin PY Nephrology Service, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Burnier M Nephrology Service, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Dick B Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Vogt B Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Bochud M Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Rousson V Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Dhayat NA Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- 2019-03-30
Published in:
- PloS one. - 2019
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Female
Humans
Male
Metabolomics
Middle Aged
Reference Values
Sex Characteristics
Steroids
Time Factors
Young Adult
English
OBJECTIVE
Urinary steroid metabolomics by GC-MS is an established method in both clinical and research settings to describe steroidogenic disorders. However, population-based reference intervals for adults do not exist.
METHODS
We measured daytime and night time urinary excretion of 40 steroid metabolites by GC-MS in 1128 adult participants of European ancestry, aged 18 to 90 years, within a large population-based, multicentric, cross-sectional study. Age and sex-related patterns in adjacent daytime and night time urine collections over 24 hours were modelled for each steroid metabolite by multivariable linear mixed regression. We compared our results with those obtained through a systematic literature review on reference intervals of urinary steroid excretion.
RESULTS
Flexible models were created for all urinary steroid metabolites thereby estimating sex- and age-related changes of the urinary steroid metabolome. Most urinary steroid metabolites showed an age-dependence with the exception of 6β-OH-cortisol, 18-OH-cortisol, and β-cortol. Reference intervals for all metabolites excreted during 24 hours were derived from the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of modelled reference curves. The excretion rate per period of metabolites predominantly derived from the adrenals was mainly higher during the day than at night and the correlation between day and night time metabolite excretion was highly positive for most androgens and moderately positive for glucocorticoids.
CONCLUSIONS
This study gives unprecedented new insights into sex- and age-specificity of the human adult steroid metabolome and provides further information on the day/night variation of urinary steroid hormone excretion. The population-based reference ranges for 40 GC-MS-measured metabolites will facilitate the interpretation of steroid profiles in clinical practice.
Urinary steroid metabolomics by GC-MS is an established method in both clinical and research settings to describe steroidogenic disorders. However, population-based reference intervals for adults do not exist.
METHODS
We measured daytime and night time urinary excretion of 40 steroid metabolites by GC-MS in 1128 adult participants of European ancestry, aged 18 to 90 years, within a large population-based, multicentric, cross-sectional study. Age and sex-related patterns in adjacent daytime and night time urine collections over 24 hours were modelled for each steroid metabolite by multivariable linear mixed regression. We compared our results with those obtained through a systematic literature review on reference intervals of urinary steroid excretion.
RESULTS
Flexible models were created for all urinary steroid metabolites thereby estimating sex- and age-related changes of the urinary steroid metabolome. Most urinary steroid metabolites showed an age-dependence with the exception of 6β-OH-cortisol, 18-OH-cortisol, and β-cortol. Reference intervals for all metabolites excreted during 24 hours were derived from the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of modelled reference curves. The excretion rate per period of metabolites predominantly derived from the adrenals was mainly higher during the day than at night and the correlation between day and night time metabolite excretion was highly positive for most androgens and moderately positive for glucocorticoids.
CONCLUSIONS
This study gives unprecedented new insights into sex- and age-specificity of the human adult steroid metabolome and provides further information on the day/night variation of urinary steroid hormone excretion. The population-based reference ranges for 40 GC-MS-measured metabolites will facilitate the interpretation of steroid profiles in clinical practice.
- Language
-
- English
- Open access status
- gold
- Identifiers
-
- DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0214549
- PMID 30925175
- Persistent URL
- https://sonar.ch/global/documents/233380
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